Ulcerative Duodenitis in Foals

Two Cases of Diffuse Duodenitis Associated with Ulcerative Colitis

The upper gastrointestinal tract is not generally considered a target organ in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, several cases showing upper gastrointestinal involvement in UC have been reported. In this report, we present 2 rare cases of diffuse duodenitis accompanying pancolonic UC. Case patient 1 was a 44-year-old man who developed diffuse duodenitis shortly after colectomy and was successfu...

Analgesia in foals.

The alleviation of pain in foals is an important welfare issue, increases patient and personnel safety, results in less disruption of homeostasis, and enhances return to normal function. It is important to anticipate and prevent noxious stimuli because pain in the neonatal period can alter pain processing, leading to altered pain thresholds and responses later in life as well as aversive behavi...

Neonatal encephalopathy in foals.

Neonatal encephalopathy is a common central nervous system disorder of neonatal foals and human infants, resulting in clinical signs such as lethargy, inappropriate behavior, seizures, and other neurologic deficits. Although neonatal encephalopathy is frequently seen in equine practice, a paucity of veterinary clinical and basic science research data is available. Therefore, the pathophysiologi...

Pharmacokinetics of Azithromycin in Foals

Azithromycin is an azalide antimicrobial commonly used in human medicine. Azalides are similar to macrolides in that they both inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to subunits of the 50S ribosome. Like erythromycin, azithromycin is mainly effective against Gram-positive aerobes. Studies in other species have shown that azithromycin has improved pharmacokinetics, is safer, and is sligh...

Developmental orthopedic disorders in foals